Goa Carnival


Many people think of Rio carnival, when they hear the word Carnival. It is not familiar in India when it comes to Carnival. They ought to know that there is a carnival in India which is held every year ie., in Goa. Being a tourist attraction the Goa Carnival probably the only Carnival held in India. When you plan to visit Goa you have to plan your tour to watch this with your eyes.


History of Goa Carnival


Carnival in Goa was a great leveler. Early accounts-all of them hearsay-are indeed educative. The white masters masqueraded as black slaves and the latter-generally slaves brought in from Mozambique-plastered their faces with flour and wore high battens, or walked on stilts. For those three ephemeral days, they were happy to be larger than life. And while the whites and the blacks mimicked each other the brown locals watched this reversal of roles in awe from the sidelines. In course of time, when the imperial regime mellowed and inhibitions dwindled, Carnival, no more an excuse to be what one was not—and often hoped to be—became a time for bonhomie. The old crude mimicry blossomed into social satire. In the villages, the playwrights pieced together in Khel (Konkani for play) anecdotes, events and criticism. The Portuguese Governor General, his family and retinue used the occasion for a show of diplomacy. They showered the crowds with poudre de riz and confetti, and were happy to be showered back. At the Carnival balls, the governor-general danced with whom he pleased-provided, of course the lady agreed to the request. And anyone was free to ask the governor-general’s wife for a dance. And if the tangoit was the tango they danced cheek-to-cheek, hip-to-hip.


Goa Carnival


Manha de Carnival! Remember the song? It is a Brazilian song, very popular the world over, which celebrates the return of joy: alegria voltouThe joy returns every year for less than a week-five days in Brazil, four nights in Goa-before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent which was once a dreary season of penance and abstinence-40 long week days preceding Easter Sunday.It was a way to “put away flesh” carelevvare in Old Italian. Carn meant flesh, and leavare to remove. But levare could also mean to raise, perhaps to raise the way the Brazilians seem to interpret it.
A playboy writer assigned the task of reporting on Carnival in Rio de Janeiro, was stunned at the way it was celebrated. Men, women, boys and girls went their own way, did their own thing, remorselessly, unaccountably-without compunctions. And at the end of it, no questions were asked and no lies told. The cavaliers returned to their hovels in the slums, the fazendiros to their gorgeous ranches, and at the samba clubs the preparations started afresh for the next year’s processions, balls and street dances.

Cruises-The Unforgettable


The boat cruises are a must for every tourist’s itinerary in Goa. Enjoyment guaranteed to every man, woman and child of any age. You can sit and enjoy the different rhythms of the music, the boat, the drumming of the dancers’ feet and the rhythm of the Mandovi River as old as Time itself flowing beneath you. Drink in the beautiful vistas of the open Arabian Sea with the capital city of Panaji flowing prettily past, further up river past the velvety green island of Chorao.
Swing to the rhythm of the music, the waves and dance on board our luxury launches Santa Monica and Shantadurga. The Santa Monica is a luxury launch built on a twin hull and used for daily evening cruises on river Mandovi. The sunset and sundown cruises along the River Mandovi are an experience to remember. The boats take you either west to see the sunset or east to the island of Chorao. To add that extra zing to the evening a live band plays on board and folk dances are performed for passengers. One of the best times to take the evening boat cruise is during the Christmas-New Year season when Panjim’s entire riverfront with its beautiful heritage buildings and trees are outlined in fairy lights.
The early evening cruise is an experience that never leaves you, especially if you get a seat in the front of the boat and watch the banks of the River Mandovi slip smoothly by. You would understand why the Portuguese, who sailed down the same route, were so fascinated by this lovely smiling land that they had to have and hold Goa for the next 500 years.

Departure from Santa Monica jetty
Hire of Santa Monica between 9.00 am to 5.00 pm = Rs 5000/- per hour (both decks).
Hire of Shantadurga between 9.00 am to 5.00 pm = Rs 3000/- per hour (both decks) detention Rs 800/- per hour
Poseidon launch – 24 seater – charter hire: Rs 16,000/- for 8 hours
Rowing/Pedal Boats (4-seater) at MayemLake: Rs 120/- per hr. Rs 80/- per ½hr

Sunset cruise

Dep 6.00 pm & 6.30 pm (1 hr duration)
Rs 130/- per head
This cruise is generally included in the North Goa Tours arranged by the GTDC. This is an hour long cruise on the Santa Monica which takes guests out on a leisurely sail down the River Mandovi from the Santa Monica jetty in Panaji. While the vessel sails serenly down the river past the beautiful Adil Shah Palace that was once the first building in Panjim City. This was the summer palace of the Sultan which was then used by the Viceroy of Portugal and finally by the government of Goa as its Secretariat. Now that a new Secretariat is in use on Porvorim Hill across the river Mandovi, the Adil Shah Palace wil be turned into a cultural centre with art galleries and concert halls, etc.
While you sail down the river local boys and girls treat you to some Goa's best known folk dances, the dekhni and the fugdi. They sing mandos and finally give over centrestage to live musicians or a DJ and the guest can then sing and dance and generally make merry. This cruise is a huge success with people of all ages, men, women and children.
The Santa Monica then takes you past the Panjim riverfront past the jetty and old colonial buildings on past the Promenade with its lovely tree lined avenues past Miramar where you sit and watch one of Goa's spectacular sunsets. You can see the spread of the Mormugao Port and the mass of the Aguada Fort and as the shadows lengthen you find yourself transported back in history to the time when all visitors who landed on these shores loved Goa so much they wanted to possess her.

The Santa Monica then turns around and sails back to her jetty along the silent Mandovi, past the pretty cottages of Betim. The cruise is an hour long.

Sundown Cruise
Dep 7.15 pm & 7.45 pm (1 hr duration)
Rs 130/- per head
This wonderful hour long cruise is after sunset. Panjim by night is a sight you will not easily forget with dancing fairy lights twinkling at you from the riverfront. The Santa Monica takes you along the Mandovi River from the Santa Monica jetty in Panaji.
While the vessel sails serenly down the river past the beautiful Adil Shah Palace that was once the first building in Panjim City, there is a lot of entertainment on board with young people of Goa, dancing local folk dances, singing mandos and other folk song. After that live or DJ music is played and guests can join in the revelry, singing, dancing or making merry. Men, women and children regardless of age enjoy themselves hugely.
The Adil Shah Palace was the summer palace of the Sultan which was then used by the Viceroy of Portugal and finally by the government of Goa as its Secretariat. Now that a new Secretariat is in use on Porvorim Hill across the river Mandovi, the Adil Shah Palace wil be turned into a cultural centre with art galleries and concert halls, etc.
The Santa Monica then takes you past the Panjim riverfront past the jetty and old colonial buildings on past the Promenade with lighted tree lined avenues past Miramar and you look at the city lit up in a glorious comign together of the old and the new. You can see the lights of the huge oceanliners anchored at Mormugao Port and the dark mass of the Aguada Fort. You find yourself transported back in history to the time when all visitors who landed on these shores loved Goa so much they wanted to possess her.
The Santa Monica then turns around and sails back to her jetty along the silent Mandovi, past the pretty cottages of Betim. The cruise is an hour long.

Full Moon Cruise / Special Cruise / Dinner Cruises
(Wednesday/Saturday)
Dep 8.30 pm Arr. 10.30 pm
Rs 400/- per head with dinner
The Dinner cruise leaves the Santa Monica Jetty at 8.30 pm. This is a two-hour cruise which takes you along the Rvier Mandovi from the jetty in the Santa Monica. There is lots of entertainment on board with young boys and girls dancing Goa's famous folk dances of dekhni and fugdi. There is live music or DJ music and all are invited to sing and dance and have a jolly good time, while the boat sails down the river.
You can take part in the merriment or you can look at the beauty of one of the most beautiful cities in India slipping gently past the Adil Shah Palace which was the first building in Panjim, being the summer palace of the Sultan. The boat sails past the beautiful colonial buildings, past the Promenade with its trees festooned in fairy lights, past the Miramar beach and then slowly back past the gentle shoreline of Verem and Betim on Mandovi River's northern bank and back to Santa Monica Jetty.
Refreshments and dinner is served on board with delicious fare of vegetarian and non-vegetarian culinary deltights.
Since this cruise begins late in the evening and ends late at night, guests are picked up and dropped back to their GTDC residencies.

BACK WATER THRILLS

Rs 700/- per head (inclusive of refreshment and lunch)
These are the famed cruises along the Mandovi’s mangrove lined banks, and the islands of Chorao and Divar and Old Goa.
The trip itself is like a trip back in time to the Goa of old where life was simple and beautiful. You see miles of lush greenery and thick mangroves. If you are lucky you may see a large crocodile sunning himself during his afternoon siesta. Huge barges glide soundlessly through the sparkling water of this slow moving river. As you go further upriver you see the loading docks where tons of iron ore are loaded on to the barge from tipper trucks.
You see nets tethered to wooden posts in the water to catch fish and a large number of canoes picking up river sand in buckets. The Shantadurga which carries 150 passengers or the 26-seater Poseidon which moves swiftly through the gentle waves. The boat docks at the Tropical Spice Garden at Sattari. This is a very successful spice garden that is absolutely organic, no chemicals are used as pesticides or fertilizer. A guide explains the intricacies of growing spices, their uses and he demonstrates the distillation process where the juice of cashew apples is used to make the delectable Goan urak and feni. There is a proper distillery working at the entrance of the spice garden, and guarding the entrance itself is a huge old elephant who also takes people for short rides. Guests are garlanded with flowers and after the tour of various spices like cloves, cinnamon, cardamom, nutmeg, pepper, all spice, etc the guests are welcomed to the restaurant with a ‘bath’ which is a ladle of cold spring water poured down their backs.
Everyone helps themselves at a buffet of Goan food that is not too pungent and not too bland. It is served on banana leaves arranged in a basket type dish. After a sumptuous lunch it’s back to the boat for a two-hour trip back to Panjim. The return trip is great fun if you are sitting in the front seating area of the Poseidon. The hot sun beats down on you and the refreshing wind and salt spray of the sea showers down on you. You don’t get drenched because the sun dries you up almost immediately. Don’t miss this trip, if you want to see unspoiled Goa or if you want to just lie back and relax.
This cruise is a must for bird-watchers. The cruise takes you close to the migratory and resident birds along the riverine tip of Dr Salim Ali’s Bird Sanctuary at Chorao Island. The Dolphin Fantasygets you to venture deep into the sea to watch the dark, graceful water beauties of river and sea dolphins in an ever playful mood. Watch as they teasingly swim right alongside the boat, like glossy laughing outriders.



Tour Packages




















Moosoon Package



Offer is per couple, ex Goa in Panaji / Colva / Miramar / Calangute Residency inclusive of all taxes, stay for 3 nights, breakfast,2 dyas sightseeing and boat cruise on Santa Monica
(3 Nights / 4 Days)
MAGICAL MOMENTS
Offer is per couple, ex Goa in Panaji / Colva / Miramar / Calangute Residency inclusive of all taxes, stay for 3 nights, breakfast,2 dyas sightseeing and boat cruise on Santa Monica
Day I
Check in Hotel Have evening free to explore the surrounding areas.
Day II
After breakfast leave for North Goa Tour at 9.15 a.m. to visit Shree Saptakoteshwar Temple at Narva, Mayem Lake – a natural reservoir situated amidst rolling green hills. After lunch visit the sandy / rocky beaches of Vagator and Anjuna and the queen beach of Goa – Calangute. Also visit Aguada Fort built by Portuguese in 1612 and return to the hotel at 6.30 pm .
Day III
South Goa Tour ( 9.30 a.m.) includes South Goa Tour to Heritage monuments, Churches at Old Goa including the Basilica of Bom Jesus wherein lie the mortal remains of St Francis Xavier, on to the magnificent Se Cathedral, which houses the famous Golden Bell. Next proceed to the temples of Mangueshi – dedicated to Shiva & ShantaDurgaTemple ­ dedicated to the Goddess of Peace. After the temples visit Ancestral Goa at Loutolim which is a “mock village” open air museum depicting traditional Goan village life, through art. After lunch at Colva Beach, visit DonaPaulaBayandthe spectacular MiramarBeach. Board the Santa Monica Launch and cruise along the MandoviRiverand enjoy Goan folk dances with music and plenty of entertainment on board.

Day IV
Check out from the hotel by 12.00 noon on extra payment.

MAP NAC :Rs.4250/-
MAP AC :Rs.4950/-
EXTRA PERSON
Rs. 1200/-
Rs.1250/-





HONEYMOON SPECIAL
Hotel:Mayem Lake View
Inclusive of 1 ½ days sightseeing and transfers pick up and drop by taxi with river cruise).
Particulars
MAP
NAC Rs: Rs.6275.00
AC Rs:Rs.6700.00
MISTY HOLIDAYS
(3 Nights / 4 Days)
Includes stay for 3 nights at Margao / Mapusa / Vasco / Calangute Residency (Annexe). Offer is per couple, ex Goa. Inclusive of all taxes, breakfast and lunch or dinner, two days sightseeing and boat cruise on the Santa Monica Launch along the Mandovi River.
Day I
Check in Hotel Have evening free to explore the surrounding areas.
Day II
After breakfast leave for North Goa Tour at 9.15 a.m. to visit Shree Saptakoteshwar Temple at Narva, Mayem Lake – a natural reservoir situated amidst rolling green hills. After lunch visit the sandy / rocky beaches of Vagator and Anjuna and the queen beach of Goa – Calangute. Also visit Aguada Fort built by Portuguese in 1612 and return to the hotel at 6.30 pm.
Day III
After breakfast at the hotel depart at 9.15 a.m. for South Goa Tour which includes a visit to Heritage monuments, Churches at Old Goa including the Basilica of Bom Jesus wherein lie the mortal remains of St Francis Xavier, on to the magnificent Se Cathedral, which houses the famous Golden Bell. Next proceed to the temples of Mangueshi – dedicated to Shiva & ShantaDurgaTemple ­ dedicated to the Goddess of Peace. After the temples visit Ancestral Goa at Loutolim which is a “mock village” open air museum depicting traditional Goan village life, through art. After lunch at Colva Beach, visit DonaPaulaBayandthe spectacular MiramarBeach. Board the Santa Monica Launch and cruise along the MandoviRiverand enjoy Goan folk dances with music and plenty of entertainment on board.
Day IV
Check out from the hotel by 12.00 noon on extra payment.
MAP NAC :Rs.3500/-
MAP AC :Rs.3900/-
EXTRA PERSON
Rs. 1200/-
Rs. 1250/-
See this more on
http://www.goa-tourism.com/packages.asp?id=9#packages






TOURIST ATTRACTIONS




Anjuna Beach


TOURIST ATTRACTIONS



BEACHES OF GOA



Goa is famous for it's beaches. No beach looks alike. If you visit all the beaches in Goa, all they look different to you. Some are flat and some are surrounded with hills and greenery.



Tour to Goa is a visit to paradise,that is embedded between the seas and the lush forested hills,offering glittering sands, swaying coconut palms, and ultra fresh variety of seafood.It makes goa the best place for spending the New year. Beaches of goa are some of the perfect places to live every moment of one’s life in pure bliss & happiness.



Anjuna Beach



Anjuna beach finds equal favor amongst all kinds of crowds, be it a group of overlanders, monks, defiant ex-hippies, artists, seers, researchers or just someone looking for a place to rejuvenate. The place has life and enthusiasm written in its air. The all night long beach parties, the Christmas to New Year frenzy or the swanky full moon parties, Anjuna is always up for it. On a day trip to Anjuna you can savor the best delights at the famous flea market or the shopping hangout off the beach or else you can enjoy the easy strolls on a moonlit night on the cool silvery sands.
8-km west of Mapusa, Anjuna is one of the most popular beaches in Goa. The sea is calm so you can enjoy swimming or enjoy the allure of sunset from any of the beach resorts’ balcony. Enjoy the funky music and loud beach parties that are a fixture of Anjuna. For the gourmets Anjuna offers the best of western seafood. You can choose from amongst any of the beachfront or village hotels. All of them are equally simple and serve equally delighting food and chilled beer.

The best bets are the semi open-air, thatched palm leaf affairs, specializing in fish and western food. The beach also offers fresh fruit buys such as watermelons, pineapples and locally grown coconuts.



Baga Beach



Baga Beach is located just 10-km west of Mapusa and extends essentially out of Calangute Beach. It is quaintly located by the Arabian Sea on the west coast of Goa. It is nestled in the rocky, wooded headland. Unlike the very crowded and busy Calangute, Baga has many unperturbed nooks with unspoiled scenic beauty that is more varied than just the plain beach of Calangute. The Beach receives most of its tourist influx from the British package tourists. It has a beautiful retreat house serenely located atop a hill.
Baga beach is quite a hit with western tourists who love its water sports and fishing expeditions. Baga has the best restaurants in Goa. From standard beach shacks to rustling pizzerias and terrace cafes serving real espresso coffee, Baga has all types of foodie destinations.

You can get a romantic candlelit dinner at the beachside to a traditional Goan meal at the shacks and restaurants. Baga offers one of the most swanky and exotic nightlife in whole of Goa.



Benaulim beach



Benaulim is located 7-km west ofMargoa. It is one of the most tranquil Goan destinations. The best thing about Benaulim is that it is still rather undiscovered by domestic tourists even though it is a fishing beach. Being generally jellyfish-free, it is quite safe for swimming. Though it gets crowded in the evenings and on the weekends, most of the times it is one of the most unperturbed beach destinations in Goa.
The Church of St John the Baptist atop a hill overlooks the beach. It is a worth visiting place in Benaulim. To commemorate the movement of St John in his mother’s womb when he was in his mother’s womb and visited by Mary, the mother of Jesus, the young men of this village jump in the wells. It is a foodie’s destination for those who are willing to experiment with culinary delights of the seafood.

The beach boasts of serviceable bars and restaurants that serve the most succulent and competitively priced seafood in Goa



Colva Beach



Colva is not one of the traditionally known beaches of Goa. As compared to other popular destinations it is a more recent discovery. But whatever it may be it is 20-km long bliss of virgin white sands, palm fringed,and sun
beaches. Undoubtedly, Colva is the most popular beach of Goa. Off lately, the quiet life of Colva has been punctuated by the number of hotels and buildings that have come up here in quick succession of one another. The annual religious event of Fama of Menino Jesuse (Child Jesus) is held at the church in Colva since the 17th century.

You can savor a quiet stroll on the silvery sands of the Colva Beach on a moonlit night or a sunbath on the golden sands of Colva on sunny morning. That certainly makes your stay at Colva an utterly romantic experience.



Candolim Beach



Candolim is the best beach, for those who want to spend some time in solitude and insolence,away from the hustle and bustle of modern life, though one cannot expect too much of facilities there. It is the best place to rejuvenate one’s senses by hiring out a beach umbrella and satisfying one’s taste buds with a variety of good food available there. A visit to this beach is very relaxing and very appropriate for practicing, Yoga & Meditation, as it is less crowded and quite peaceful, as compared to Anjuna or Calangute beaches, because there aren’t any resorts all around the beach.
As a part of a 30 km stretch, of beach coastline along the Arabian Sea, that begins at Fort Aguada and ends at Chapora Beach, Candolim is a North Goan beach, which makes it the first beach that can be approached from the city of Panaji.Candolim, experiences a mixed croud,be it a group of youngsters, monks, artists, seers, researchers or just someone, but all of them are looking for a place to rejuvenate and
relax themselves from the increasing tensions and frustrations of life. This place has joy and happiness mixed in its air.The most basic attraction-Aquda fort & calangute beach are the most worth visiting places.The best bets available here are Fishing, enjoying Water Sports-like, Parasailing and Water skiing. Organizing a Beach Excursion is a also a good idea



Dona Paula beach



Dona Paula is 7-km from Panjim and is different from other Goan beaches in the sense that this is one of the beaches that’s washed by both the Goan sea and the goan rivers. This beach of Goa carries with it an aura of both romance and myth. It is said to be haunted by lost love of Dona Paula de Menezes. Dona Paula Beach is also house to the Governor of Goa, known as Cabo Raj Bhavan.
Besides Dona Paula itself there are Miramir beach, which lies 4-km north of Dona Paula, and the Vainguinim Beach, which is situated 1-km west of the beach side. The National Oceanographic Institute was set up to study the diverse marine biology. The major attraction of the institute is its Marine Biology Museum and Taxonomy Reference Center.
The Choro Island along the Mandovi River, about 9-km from Dona Paula beach, has exotic Salim Ali bird sanctuary, which is a mangrove forest. It is a site for local and migratory birds throughout the year, making it a bird watcher's paradise. Reis Magos Church on the Dona Paula beachside is one of the oldest churches built in Goa. It is dedicated to the three Magi (the wise men of the East) You can indulge in a complete shopping spree at Dona Paula.From straw hats, lace kerchief to spices, feni and port wine to Indian handicrafts and jewelry

HOTELS IN GOA


Located on the western coast of India, Goa is one of the most popular tourist hubs in India amongst domestic as well as international travellers. Goa’s palm fringed beaches, buzzing markets, vibrant carnivals; age-old Gothic churches and amazing life style make it the most favored tourist hideaways in the world. Goa is dotted with many beautiful towns and tiny villages. Apart from Panaji, the capital city and Velha Goa, Madagao, Vasco and Mapusa are other major towns of Goa.Goa is blessed with suns kissed beaches that come alive during carnivals, Christmas and New Year time. These sandy beaches are flanked by flea markets and local food stalls that offer authentic Goanese delicacies. Calalngute, Anjuna, Baga, Palolem, Colva and Miramar are some of the busiest beaches of Goa.Well marked with religious diversity, Goa is packed with lavish hotels, resorts, and heritage properties, which provide finest accommodation and entertainment options to its guests. The hotels in Goa offer are mainly situated near its famed beaches and prominent landmarks. The growing number of tourists has led to the construction of more and more hotels in Goa. Panaji, Madgaon and other major centers of Goa sprang up of a good number of hotels providing perfect accommodations to the visitors. From cheap hotels to deluxe hotels and plush resorts, Goa caters to the need of every kind of leisure as well as business traveller. If traveling during peak season (mid Dec –mid January), it is suggested to get the room booked in Goa in advance.

CONNECTIVITY BY ROAD RAIL AND AIR

Goa's sole airport, the Dabolim Airport, is both a military and civilian airport catering to domestic and international airlines that stop en route to other Indian destinations. In addition to regular flights, the airport handles a large number of chartered flights. Goa receives International flights from Dubai, Sharjah and Kuwait in the Middle East and from the United Kingdom, Germany and Russia during the charter flight tourist season. Dabolim airport is serviced by the following carriers - Air India, Indian Airlines, Air Deccan, Kingfisher airlines, Go air, Spice jet, Jet Airways besides Charter flights from Thomas Cook (condor) etc.
Goa's public transport largely consists of privately operated buses linking the major towns to rural areas. Government-run buses, maintained the Kadamba Transport Corporation, links both major routes (like the Panjim–Margao route) and some remote parts of the state. In large towns such as Panjim and Margao, intra-city buses ply. However, public transport in Goa is less developed, and residents depend heavily on their own transport, usually motorised two-wheelers. Goa has two National Highways passing through it. NH-17 runs along India's west coast and links Goa to Bombay in the north and Mangalore to the south. NH-4A running across the state connects the capital Panjim to Belgaum in east, linking Goa to cities in the Deccan. The NH-17A connects NH-17 to Mormugao Harbour from Cortalim, and the new NH-17B, once complete will be a four lane highway connecting Mormugao Harbour to NH-17 at another location, Verna, via Dabolim airport. Goa has a total of 224 km (139 mi) of National highway, 232 km (144 mi) of state highway and 815 km of district highway.

Sea Princess Candolim Beach
Hired forms of transport include unmetered taxis, and, in urban areas, auto rickshaws. A unique form of transport in Goa is the Motorcycle taxi, operated by drivers who are locally called "pilots". These vehicles transport a single pillion rider, at fares that are usually negotiated prior or after the journey (it is always better to ask locals on the correct fare before you try any negotiations yourself). In some places in Goa, there are river crossings which are serviced by the ferry boats, operated by the river navigation departments. Goa has two rail lines — one run by the South Western Railway and the other by the Konkan Railway. The line run by the South Western Railway was built during the colonial era linking the port town of Vasco da Gama with Hubli in Karnataka via Margao. The Konkan Railway line, which was built during the 1990s, runs parallel to the coast connecting Mumbai to the Malabar Coast.
The Mormugao harbour near the city of Vasco handles mineral ore, petroleum, coal and international containers. Much of the shipments consist of minerals and ores from Goa's hinterland. Panjim, which is situated on the banks of the Mandovi, also has a minor port, which used to handle passenger steamers between Goa and Mumbai till the late 1980s

SUN,SAND AND BEACHES




Goa is India's smallest state in terms of area and the fourth smallest in terms of population. Located on the west coast of India in the region known as the Konkan, it is bounded by the state of Maharashtra to the north, and by Karnataka to the east and south, while the Arabian Sea forms its western coast.
Panaji (also referred to as Panjim) is the state's capital. Vasco da Gama (sometimes shortened to Vasco) is the largest city. The historic city of Margao still exhibits the influence of Portuguese culture. Portuguese first landed in Goa as merchants, in the early 16th century, and conquered it soon after. The Portuguese overseas territory existed for about 450 years, until it was annexed by India in 1961.
Renowned for its beaches, temples and world heritage architecture, Goa is visited by hundreds of thousands of international and domestic tourists each year. It also has rich flora and fauna, owing to its location on the Western Ghats range, which is classified as a biodiversity hotspot


In 1498, Vasco da Gama became the first European to set foot in India through a sea route, landing in Calicut (Kozhikode) in Kerala, followed by an arrival in what is now known as Old Goa. Goa, then a term referring to the City of Goa on the southern bank of the River Mandovi, was the largest trading centre on India's western coast. The Portuguese arrived with the intention of setting up a colony and seizing control of the spice trade from other European powers after traditional land routes to India had been closed by the Ottoman Turks. Later, in 1510, Portuguese admiral Afonso de Albuquerque defeated the ruling Bijapur kings with the help of a local ally, Timayya, leading to the establishment of a permanent settlement in Velha Goa (or Old Goa). The Portuguese intended it to be a colony and a naval base, distinct from the fortified enclaves established elsewhere along India's coasts.